Control for aircraft drives



Dec. 12, 1950 E. J. GREENWOOD coN'rRoL FOR AIRCRAFT DRIVES 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March l, 1946 lllllllll ,m www WJ W. In A M@ mmf www E. J. GREENWOOD CONTROL FOR AIRCRAFT DRIVES Dec. 12, 195o lI5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 1, 1946 IN V EN TOR.

Ernest J; Greenwood.

De 12, 1950 E. J. GREENwooD 2,534,168

CONTROL RoR AIRCRAFT DRIVES Filed March 1, 1946 s sneeis-sheei s n Ernest J. Greenwaad,

Fig 9 ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 12, 1950 UNITED STATES BTENT OFFICE CONTRGL FOR AIRCRAFT DRIVES Application March 1, 1946, Serial No. 651,266

(Cl. 69h37) 12 Claims.

This invention relates to the control' of aircraft drives and particularly to the control of aircraft engines andchange-gear transmissions.

Itis an object ofthe invention to provide combinedcontrol means for the throttle of :an aircraft engine and the change-gears of its associated transmission by which both the throttle and the change-gears are under the control of a single pilot operated member.

Another object of the invention is to provide a combined throttle and change-gearcontrol mechanism in which` the controlmember can be moved to :control the change-gears only in predetermined positions of the engine throttle.

A further object of the invention is to provide control means of the above type for aircraft having a. plurality of engine-transmission units by which all ofthev engine throttles and the changegear mechanisms of the several units can be operated. by the pilot in unison and byl which the f' throttle of any selected engine may be separately operated.

A still further object of the invention is to providea combined control' system of the type above outlined having improvedA means for manually connecting and disconnecting an engine in flight.

A yet further object of the invention is to providel afcontrol system of this types having provision for automatically disconnecting afaulty engine and in which means :are also provided for preventing the automatic disconnection of an engine in a` predetermined range of throttle positions.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the followingy del `engine-transmission units and the control system therefor;

Fig. 2 isa sectional view through the changegear mechanism of one of the transmissions;

Fig; 3 is a phantom view of' a portion of an airplane showing the location of the manual control mechanism for the throttles and change-gear mechanisms;

Fig. 4' is a vertical sectional view through the control mechanism;

Fig. 5- is a perspective view of the control mechanism;

Fig. 6 is ,a diagrammatic view showing the engine-transmission units 'and' the propeller system connectedthereto;

Figs. 'lA and 8 are detailed views showing a throttle controlled cam mechanism for operating certain switches of the control system; and

Fig. 9 is a detail of the operating means for the switch by which a faulty engine is disconnected from the system.

As herein shown, the invention is embodied in an all-wing airplane lli having a pilot compartment i 2 centrally located in the forwardpart of the wing between two engine nacelles I4 :and IG in which engine-transmission units |8-and 20 are provided (Fig. 6). Manual control mechanism, generally indicated at 22, is located in compartment l2 convenient to the pilot for controlling both engine-transmission units in an improved manner as will hereinafter appear.

The airplane is propelled by two oppositely rotated propellers 24, 25 (Fig. 6) having fore and aft directed propeller driving shafts 28, 3i) and usual reduction gearing 32. 34. Propeller shafts il@ are connected by bevel gears 36, 38 totransverse shafts 4i), 42 which carry bevel gears 44, 46 at their inboard ends. The two propeller drives above described are connected by a transverse shaft d'8 carrying bevel gears 5o, '52 at its opposite ends inV confronting relation to gears 44, 46A and by bevel gears 54, 55 which mesh respectively with the pairs of confronting bevel gears 44, 50 and gears 46, 5.2 referred to above.

It will be noted that gear 54 is located aft and gear 56 is located forward oi the pairs of meshing gears so that the gears 54, 56 which are driving gears can be driven by like rotating enginetransmission units.

The engine-transmission units |18, 20, shown diagrammatically in Fig. 6, comprise like rotating engines 52, 64 of the radial cylinder, air-cooled type having power output shafts G6, 63 and coaxial transmissions l0, l2' the output shafts 14, '21S of which drive the bevel gears 54, 56 of the propeller drive system. The engines 62, S4 have carburetors i8, B provided with the usual throttles (not shown) having throttle operating connections 82, `84. The transmission mechanisms lil, lf2 are identical in construction and accordingly only transmissions 12 will be described'.

The power output shaft t8 of engine carries at its forward end an outwardly and forwardly flared metal flange itt of a flexible coupling 83 which has a hub et integral with flange il@ and connected to shaft t8 by splines 94. The flange 86 is connected to a similar but outwardly and rearwardly flared metal flange Si@ by resilient bodies of rubber $3, lili! which are bonded to the respective flanges and to an intermediate plate H32 freely supported on an outstanding flange lll@ integral it/ith hub The flange Qt supported by the rubber body lill! is free to rotate relative to hub within the limits of the wind-up of coupling 8. Flange 9E is provided with a rearwardly directed annular flange 36 which is operatively connected to and drives change speed gearing which will be next described.

The flange itt is splined to a planetary pinion carrier |98 which carries a plurality of planetary pinions l which mesh with a sun gear l I2 keyed to output shaft 7S. Pinions ||0 also mesh with an internal ring gear ||4 which is secured by a series of peripherally larranged bolts IIB to an intermediate gear member ||8 rotatably supported on shaft '|6. The teeth of the sun gear ||2 and of the ring gear ||4 are elongated and provide an annular chamber therebetween for the accommodation of a clutch A consisting of alternate sets of ring shaped plates |26, |22 provided with teeth on their respective outer and inner peripheries meshing with teeth on the ring and sun gears lili and l l2 respectively.

The plates of clutch A are moved into engagel ment to connect the sun and ring gears for bodily rotation by hydraulic means carried by intermediate member HB and including an annular cylinder |24 containing an annular piston |25, the latter having a plurality of peripherally spaced piston rods |28 which engage the rearmost clutch piate. Fluid is supplied through a conduit i3@ to a stationary manifold |32 which communicates 'through suitably interconnecting passages in the intermediate member i i8 with the interior of cylinder |2l. Piston |26 is constantly biased by springs surrounding piston rods |28 into a position to disengage the clutch, suitable vents being provided in the periphery of cylinder i211 to permit the restricted flow of fluid from the cylinder to effect disengagement of the clutch under the bias of the springs Whenever the supply of fluid to conduit |15@ is cut cir, it being understood that the lovv capacity of all the vents |36 is less than the capacity of conduit |33 to 2 supply fluid to the clutch.

Means are also provided for releasably connecting the ring gear iifi to the casing |33 of the transmission including a brake B having alternately arranged ring shaped plates HSS, |62 which are peripherally connected respectively to the external teeth Md and the internal teeth it on ring gear iid and casing i38 respectively. A casing supported annular cylinder M8 containing an annular piston itt, both similar to the cylinder |24 and piston |25 of clutch A previously described, are provided for moving the brake plates into engagementJ against the bias of brake disengaging springs |52, a fluid conduit |53 being provided for admission of fluid to the cylinder.

Restricted vents |55 may also be provided if desired for the slow escape of fluid from the cylinder, although other means are provided ior draining the brake cylinder as will subsequently appear.

Fluid under pressure is supplied to clutch A or brake B to provide different drive ratios. Ii uid is supplied to clutch A only, the planetary pinions il rotate bodily with the sun and ring gears l |2 and to provide a one-to-one ratio drive, whereas if fluid is supplied only to brake B an overdrive is provided for driving shaft 16 at a higher R. P. M. than shaft t.

The above transmission is described more fully and is claimed in Patent No. 2,462,824, issued February 22, i949, to Charles H. Zimmerman and Henry J. Rapuano, and assigned to the assignee of this application.

The hydraulic mechanism for supplying iluid t0 the transmission is best shown in Fig. l wherein a combined hydraulic and electrical diagram of the control system for the engine-transmission units is shown. It will be noted that each enginetransmission unit i8 and 2t has an electrically actuated hydraulic valve mechanism V @S500iated therewith for supplying uid to the clutch A and the brake B. A combined manually operable throttle and selector switch mechanism S common to both engine-transmission units is also provided for controlling they electric circuits of the valve mechanisms V. The hydraulic valve mechanisms V associated with the engine-transmission units are identical and that associated with unit 2@ will now be described.

An oil reservoir |56 is provided from which oil is supplied through a pipe ifi to oil pumps |60 which are driven by the engine and Which force oil or other i'iuid under pressure through the pipe |62 to a pressure chamber ld that is common to two electrically operated valves ld and |68. The valve i when opened by energizing its solenoid l'i'l supplies fluid under pressure from chamber |254 through conduit i3d to cylinder |24 of clutch A previously described. Similarly the valve |58 upon energization of its solenoid |12 supplies iluid under pressure from the chamber its through conduit llt to cylinder |45 of brake B previously described. A third electrically operated valve il@ is provided having a connection through conduit VEB to valve |38 and conduit |74 which is adapted when its solenoid ISS is energized to drain the cylinder |48 of clutch B through conduit |82 to a sump |84 in the engine casing from which it is pumped into the reservoir |56.

As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the manual control mechanism 22, which is common to both enginetransmission units IS and 2t, comprises a manual throttle lever |85 for controlling the throttle of engine 62 and a manual throttle lever i for controlling the throttle of engine 64 both of which are pivoted in side by side relationship on a sleeve The sleeve it@ is supported for rotation about an axis perpendicular to its longitudinal axis and to this end it carries a pair of aligned axial pins, one of which is shown at |92 in Fig. 5, which are journalled in a housing and supporting structure |93. The levers |86 and |88 have circular hubs |94 and |36 which are spaced apart by a tubular member ld, the levers being frictionally restrained against pivotal movement about the sleeve |95 by suitable friction washers under the action of a plate spring 266 acting against an abutment 25.32 carried by sleeve |96. An axial adjusting screw 293 having a shoulder 204 is screw-threaded into the abutment 2li? and engages the spring beneath its shoulder 264 to provide adjustable restraint for the pivotal movement of levers it and |38. The lever |86 carries a clevis 206 at its free end in which a rod 298 is pivoted, this rod extending aft in the cockpit and being connected to the throttle linkage 82 of engine S2. Lever |38 has a similar clevis 2|0 which is connected by a rod 2|2 to the throttle linkage 84 of the engine The throttle levers it@ and |83 have hand grips 2M and 2|@ respectively which move in closely adjacent parallel planes so that when desired the throttles of both engines 62 and 64 can be controlled in unison by grasping both grips 2M and 2 I 8 and moving them as a single grip. Obviously, since they are separately movable about their pivotal support ld, either lever may be moved about its pivot to control its connected engine throttle independently of the other. The transverse axial pin |92 carries a depending switch operating arm 2i8 which is adapted to operate the selector switch mechanism S upon pivotal movement of levers |86 and |35 about the transverse axis including pin |92. Movement of the tlu'ottle levers to the left as' viewed in Fig. 1, causes the switch operating arm; or paddle, 2|.8 tofswing to the right into position to engage: and operate a' double throw" switch 226 and a single throw switch 224', whereas' movement orthrottie levers to' theright causes they switch: operating armn 2|8v` to move to the left and operate a double throw switch 226.

Means are provided on the' top walloi casing |93 to restrict the combined movements of the throttle levers |86' and |88? about their transverse axis between three parallel planes of movement, or grooves, 228, 236, 232, inanyoi" which they can jointly or severally control their respective engine throttles. In the left. hand groove 223, which is the enginev warm-'up groove, the throttles can move between closed throttle position and an abutment'ZS-'l in approximately mid-throttle position. The throttle leverscan be moved from` the warm-up groove into the middle, or take-olf groove 230 through a transverse gap 236 only in the closed throttle position thereof, and they can be moved from the taire-oit` groove 220 through the gap' 238 into the flight groove 2332- only in a predeterminedr l'ow'throttle setting thereof. Tracing the circuits for the solenoid valves i6?, |63 and |'|-|l` of engine-transmission unit 2li in the different positions of the throttle levers (Fig. l) will clearly explain the operation of the system.

Assumlng'that the two throttle levers |86 and |88 are in the warm-up groove 228, it will be evident thatthese levers can be moved either jointly or severally between the closed throttle position thereof anda midthrottle position in which they engage the stop 234. With the throttle levers in this groove, in which they occupy the angular position represented in Fig. l bythe dot and dash lineV marked warm-up, switches 226 andv 224 occupy their normal positions indicated in this figure while switch 226` is engaged by the paddle l 218 and is moved from its normal position in which it bridgesl contacts 242` into position to bridge contacts 242. rlihisv completes the circuit from the'bus bar 244 through conductor 245, normally closed manual switch 243, conductor d, contacts 242, conductor 252, switch 254 of relay R and conductor 256 to the solenoid' winding |82 of selectorvalve |163, causing this valve to open and drain the cylinder |48l of brake B through conduits Ils, |19 and |82 to the engine sump. It will be noted that in this position of the throttles, selector valves |`|l and |22 which control the admission of fluid to clutch A and brake B respectively from pressure chamber |54 remain closed. Accordingly, neither engine is connected to the propeller system.

By moving the throttle levers through gap 236 into groove 23o the transmissions le', 72 connect their respective engines to the propeller system in the overdrive, or high propeller speed', ratio which is required in the low airplane speeds prevailing in take-off. This the take-off position of the throttle levers shown diagrammatically in Fig. l in which the` paddle 2 IB is in a mid-position and out of operative engagement with all three of the switches. Switch 226 is now bridging contacts 242, which is its normal position, and current from the bus bar passes through conductors 246, 256, 258l normally closed contacts 26u of switch 22), contacts 246 ofv switch 226', conductor 264, switch 2&2 of relay R and conductor 266Y to solenoid |12, causing selector valve |68 to open and admit fluid from pressure chamber 15d through conduit E14 to cylinder |43 of brake B.

It willy be noted that in this position of the throttle leversk the selectorV valves |66 and |16 remain closed'. While in thisrgroove` the throttles can be jointlyr moved throughout the entirev throttle range to control both engines in unison to obtain the full take-off power available. It will be noted, however, that in order to move the throttlelevers hack into the warm-up` groove, in which the engines` are both disconnected, it' is necessary to completely throttle both engines.

By moving bothlthrottle levers into apartially open throttle position opposite the gap 238, they can. be moved into the cruise, or flight, groove 232 in which, in the illustrated embodiment, a one toV one speed ratio is provided between engine driven shafts 66 and 68 and propeller driving shafts T4 and TS, thus affording a lower range of propeller R. P. M. which is desirable for normal flight conditions. With the throttle in the flight groove, current from the bus bar 244 flows throughl conductors 22d, 256 and 21B, contacts 2l2of Switch 226, which are now closed, conductoi 214, switch 254 ofrelay R and conductor 25S, energizing the solenoid winding 236 of selector valve V5.5 which drains theV cylinder |43 of brake B as previously described, A circuit is also completed from conductor 256 through contacts 276 of switch 224V through conductor 218, switch 280 of relay R and conductor 282 to energize Winding |16 of selector valve |66 which admits fluid from pressure chamber |64 through conduit |36 to clutch A. Thus, in this position of the throttle levers, fluid is supplied to` the clutch A through open selector valve |66 while selector valve |68 remains closed and selector valve |76 is open to drain brake B.

Each of the engine transmission units i8 and 26' has means, which are identical, for automatically disconnecting its engine from the interconnected propellers upon a predetermined decrease in torque developed by the engine which means are operative under some conditions of engine operation. Automatic disconnection of engine 64, for example is eiected by theclosing of a normally open switch 284 associated with the transmission 12. The switch 284 is closed automatically upon a change in the wind-up of the rubber coupling 23. It will be evident that when shaft |58 is under torque createdI by engine 64 and is furnishing power to the engine propeller system through the transmission l2, includingA the coupling 88, that this coupling will have a wind.- up due to the resilience of the rubber blocks S8, |26 in proportion to the torque developed by the engine. However, if the engine 64 fails, the power transmitted through the coupling will be reversed, i. e. shaft 63 will become a driven shaft andv shaft 16 will becomethe driving shaft. This reversal of wind-up in the coupling is utilized to close; the switch 284 by switch actuating mechanism shown in. Fig. 9` wherein the switch 284 is shown as mounted on the forward end of engine driven shaft 63 in position to be actuated upon the forward movement of a switch actuating pin 285 whichy is` longitudinally slidably mounted in hub 9c. Pin 225 is actuated upon reversal of tors que, or upon a predetermined decrease in torque in shaft 63, by a cam face 235e on frange 556 against which the aft end of pin 285 is urged. by a leaf spring 285-5 carried by flange 85, it being evident that upona predetermined decrease in torque exerted on flange 35 by shaft 68, pin 285 will ride up the inclined cam face 285a with the result that it will be cammen forward and will close switch 284.

Referring to Fig. 1i, it will be evident that closing of the switch 284 associated with transmission l2 will complete a circuit from bus bar 244 through conductor 245, switch 243, conductors 3i8, 288 and 289, switch 284, conductor 288, normally closed switch 292, conductor 284, conductor 295, normally closed switch 286, conductors 288 and winding 286 of relay R. The result of energizing winding 28e of relay R is to open switches 286 and 28! controlling the circuits to selector valves it@ and M56 respectively. Double throw switch 254 of relay R opens the previously described circuit to solenoid winding i813 of valve 118, but closes a second circuit from bus bar 2&4

through conductor 248, switch 248, conductors 3I8, 328, switch 25@- and conductor 2565 to the winding E86. Thus opening of relay R results in energizing valve i118 and draining of the cylinder |48 of brake B.

It is necessary, however, to place some reservations on the automatic disconnection of a faulty engine by the closing of switch 284. In a condition of airplane dive, wherein there is likely Ato be an engine lag manifesting itself as an actual reversal of torque, it is undesirable to have the switch 234 disconnect engine 6d, which might occur if some provision were not made for controlling the circuit above traced for the winding 286 of relay R.

To this end, the normally closed switch 292 is included in the circuit controlled by switch 284, and this switch 292 is placed under the control of the throttle lever |38 so that it is opened whenever the throttle lever is in approximately half closed throttle position or less. This is accomplished by means of a cam 382 (Figs. 7 and 8) which is rotatable with the throttle lever 88 about the axis of sleeve 88, and a cam follower 304 carried by the switch operating member for switch 292. portion 388 over which the cam follower rides during the movement of the throttle lever between full open throttle and approximately half open throttle and an adjacent arcuate dwell portion y383 struck about a larger radius over which the follower moves between approximately half throttle and closed throttle positions of the throttle lever. It will be evident that when the c am follower is on cam portion 38 that the switch v292 will be held open, under which con- I dition closing of switch 284 will have no effect on relay R, making it impossible in half throttle `position or less for engine 64 to become automatically disconnected. It will be understood that a similar switch controlled by lever S is provided in the circuit of the switch controlling the disconnection of engine 62. The provision of the switch 292 in the circuit also permits idling of the engines when the airplane is on the ground with the transmission in either the take-oir or cruise position as determined by the lateral position of the throttle control levers.

It will be evident that following the disconnection of the engine by the closing of switch 284 the engine can be reconnected to the system by merely moving the throttle for that engine to onehalf throttle position or less to open switch 222, thus de-energizing the winding 236 of the relay R.

In the event that the pilot wishes to manually disconnect an engine, for example, a burning engine, a normally open switch 389 is provided on the instrument panel adjacent the ignition switch 310 which establishes a circuit from bus bar 244 through conductor 248, switch 248, con- The cam 322 has an arcuate dwell ductor 3 I 2, switch 309 and conductor 298 to winding 288 of relay R.

It is also possible to re-engage a disconnected engine while in flight by opening the normally closed, manual switch 296, previously mentioned, which is included in the circuit of switches 284, 292 and relay winding 285. By moving the throttle lever i818 to a position above one-half throttle position to close switch 292 and moving switch 296 to the emergency position indicated, the circuit to winding 288 of relay R will be opened to cause this relay to assume its normal position as indicated in Fig. 1.

The engine-transmission unit I8 is provided with similar selector valves V having parallel circuits for the control thereof by the selector switches S identical with those above described for unit 2S. Accordingly, further description of this unit is believed unnecessary except to emphasize that the like circuits of the two units i8 and 2Q are controlled simultaneously by the single manual control means 22.

It will be evident that as a result of this invention it is made possible to control a plurality of engine-transmission units in unison when desired by a combined pilot operated control means for both the engine throttles and the transmission mechanisms. It will also be evident that a control system of the above type has beenprovided by which the throttle of each engine can be separately controlled if desired.

It will further be evident that means has been provided for the disconnection of either engine and for the reconnection of a disconnected engine by the pilot, while the interconnected propeller system is driven by the other engine. Further, the above improvements have been provided in a particularly simple and eicient control mechanism.

While only one embodiment of the invention has been described in complete detail herein for purposes of illustration, it will be evident that many changes may be made in the construction and arrangement of the mechanism and the electrical and hydraulic connections without departing from the scope of the invention as dened in the appended claims.

What is claimed as new and patentable is:

l. in an aircraft having a propeller, two engines, each having a throttle, transmission means for connecting each engine to the propeller, each transmission means having operating means, and control mechanism including a manually movable member for each engine-transmission unit having operative connections to the transmission operating means and to the throttle of its engine, said control members being mounted for joint movement in one direction to eiTect the simultaneous operation of said operating means of both transmissions and movable jointly or severally in another direction to effect the joint or several operation of said engine throttles.

2. In an aircraft having a propeller, two engines, each having a throttle, transmission means between each engine and the propeller, each transmission means having change-gear mechanismoperable to produce high speed and low speed ratio propeller drives and a neutral in which its engine is disconnected from the propeller and having means for operating said mechanism, and control mechanism including a manually movable control member for each engine-transmission unit having operative connections to the operating means of the change-gear v'mechanism and to the throttle of its engine, said control members being mounted for joint movement in one direction into high speed, low speed and neutral positions to control simultaneously the operation of said operating means of both transmissions and movable either jointly or severally in another direction, when in any of said three positions, to control said engine throttles.

3. In an aircraft having a propeller, an engine having a throttle, transmission means between said engine and the propeller' having mechanism including clutch and brake means operable to produce high speed and low speed ratio propeller drives and a neutral in which the engine is disconnected from the propeller and having hydraulic means for operating said clutch and brake means, and control mechanism for the engine transmission unit including a member movable manually in one direction into high speed, low speed and neutral positions to control the supply of fluid to said hydraulic operating means and movable when in any of said positions in another direction to control the engine throttle.

4. In an aircraft having a propeller, two engines, each having a throttle, transmission means for connecting each engine to the propeller, each i transmission means including clutch and brake means operable to produce high speed and low speed ratio propeller drives and a neutral in which its engine is disconnected from the propellers and having hydraulic means for operating said clutch and brake means, and control mechanism for the throttles of both enginetransmission units including a manually movable throttle member for each of said engines, said throttle members being mounted for joint movement in one direction into high speed, low speed and neutral positions to control simultaneously the supply of fluid to the hydraulic operating means of both transmissions and movable either jointly or severally in another direction, when in any of said three positions, to move said engine throttles either jointly or severally- 5. The combination of claim 2 including stop means cooperating with said manually movable control members when said members have been moved in said one direction into said neutral position for limiting the movement of either` member in said other direction beyond a predetermined throttle open position.

6. The combination of claim 2 including means for permitting movement of said manually movable control members between said high and low speed ratio positions only when said members have been moved in said other direction into partially closed throttle positions.

7. The combination of claim 2 in which the operating` means for the change-gear mechanism is hydraulic and including electrically operated Valves for controlling the admission of fluid to said hydraulic operating means, switches govern- .J

nism and means for operating the latter, controll mechanism common to both units including two manually operable levers each operatively connected to a. separate engine throttle, said levers being located in adjacency and permitting said throttles to be operated either jointly or separately when said throttle levers are moved about a ycommon axis, and means for controlling the operating means of both of said change-gear mechanisms simultaneously by movement of said throttle levers in unison about a second axis.

9. In an aircraft having a propeller, an engine having a throttle, a transmission for connecting said engine to the propeller having means for automatically disconnecting said engine from the propeller upon a predetermined decrease in torque developed thereby, a manually operable lever connected to said throttle, and means controlled by said throttle lever for disabling said automatic disconnecting means in predetermined positions of said throttle lever.

10. The combination of claim 8 including means associated with each transmission for automatically operating the change-gear operating means thereof to disconnect its engine from the propeller upon a predetermined decrease in torque developed by its engine, means controlled by the throttle lever of each engine for disabling said automatic disconnecting means in predetermined positions of said throttle lever, in which the operating means for the transmission is hydr-aulic and is controlled by electrically operated valve mechanism the circuits of which are controlled by movement of said throttle levers about said second axis.

l1. In an aircraft having a propeller, two engine-transmission units for driving said propeller, each engine having a throttle and each transmission having change-gear mechanism and hydraulic means for operating the latter, electrically operated valve means for each unit controlling said hydraulic operating means, control mechanism common to both units including two manually operable throttle levers each operatively connected to an engine throttle for operating the latter either jointly or separately when moved about a common axis and switch means for controlling the operation of the valve means of both units simultaneously by movement of said throttle levers in unison about a second axis.

12. The combination of claim 11 in which Inanually operable means are provided for controlling the valve means of each unit to disconnect its engine independently of said common control means.

ERNEST J. GREENWOOD.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file oi this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,397,130 Lansden Nov. 15, 1921 1,454,505 Christen May 8, 1923 1,557,214 McClane Oct. 13, 1925 1,671,479 McIntyre May 29, 1928 1,889,295 Rosatelli Nov. 29, 1932 2,338,404 Carroll Jan. 4, 1944 2,348,022 Owens May 2, 1944 2,374,303 Osborne Apr. 24, 1945 2,380,889 Waseige July 31, 1945 2,406,273 Waite Aug. 20, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 306,788 Great Britain Feb. 28, 1929 

